> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://isbm.savimbo.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://isbm.savimbo.com/methodology/zh-cn/ji-suan/mian-ji-ji-suan.md).
# 面积计算
BCP的全部可计入面积取决于所观测到的 [符合条件的指示物种](/methodology/zh-cn/ji-xian-ping-gu/zhi-shi-wu-zhong-xuan-ze.md) 在 [计入面积](/methodology/zh-cn/xiang-mu-miao-shu/xiang-mu-bian-jie/bcp-de-kong-jian-jie-xian.md) 内的重叠家域——该重叠家域由同一时间框架内各单次观测的并集确定。
物种具有复杂性、动态性和多样性。动物通常在一个地理编码点被观测到，但其实际栖息范围远大于该点，且具有明显的非对称性。为简化起见：
* **每一指示物种经公开认可的家域面积均标准化为一个圆形** ，其圆心为该物种被核实观测到的中心观测点。关于这一选择的详细说明，见 [常见问题](/methodology/zh-cn/chang-jian-wen-ti-jie-da.md)。家域示例清单见 [附录E](/methodology/zh-cn/fu-lu/fu-luezhi-shi-wu-zhong-xuan-ze-yang-ben.md).
* **ISBM不要求对物种个体进行识别**。尽管对于美洲豹等指示物种而言，这一工作相对容易实现（可依据斑纹识别，或通过植入式无线电芯片等更具侵入性的方式实现），但若考虑到生态系统内可能符合指示物种条件的物种范围极为广泛，则该工作将变得成本过高、技术难度过大。此外，许多识别和种群计算技术具有侵入性，和／或在技术上仅适用于原住民和当地社区。
* **观测结果进行并集处理。** 因为单次观测可能对应 *一个或多个*指示物种个体—— *若* 同一区域在60天内存在不止一次观测，则该区域不予重复计入，而是通过家域面积的并集进行等量化处理（见 [时间计算](/methodology/zh-cn/ji-suan/shi-jian-ji-suan.md)）。因此，ISBM方法学仍保持仅限保护属性，因为种群增长可能难以证明——尽管也承认，未来可能出现更为复杂的方法学来界定并计入这些区域。
哥伦比亚普图马约的指示物种及其家域示例清单载于 [附录E](/methodology/zh-cn/fu-lu/fu-luezhi-shi-wu-zhong-xuan-ze-yang-ben.md).
#### 图8。基于家域对多次美洲豹观测进行并集处理，以计算计入面积
请注意，物种观测涉及一个数据层。对于具有 [项目区域](/methodology/zh-cn/xiang-mu-miao-shu/xiang-mu-bian-jie.md) 的BCP，例如多个相邻地块、分组项目或不同区段，该数据层在计算时可能会因另一数据层而被拆分。
#### 图8a。按分组项目边界划分计入面积
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