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  • Executive summary
  • Front Material
    • Contents
    • Index of figures
    • Index of tables
    • Acronyms and abbreviations
    • Terms and definitions
  • Getting started
  • Introduction
    • The urgency of targeted biodiversity conservation
    • Simplicity, complexity theory, and biodiversity
    • Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples and local communities by design
    • Biodiversity methodology benefits
  • Overall description
    • Objectives
    • Scope
    • Limitations
  • Project description
    • Principles
      • Principles of working with IP
    • Eligibility criteria
      • Land ownership and law
    • Additionality
    • Project boundaries
      • Spatial limits of the BCP
      • Temporal limits of the BCP
      • Grouped projects
    • Implementation plan
      • Measurement approaches
      • Indicator species observations
      • Risks and uncertainty
    • Effective participation
      • Community involvement
      • Capacity for action
      • Financial transparency
      • Safeguards checklist
  • Calculation
    • Unit calculations
    • Area calculations
    • Time calculations
    • Integrity calculations
    • Value calculations
  • Baseline assessment
    • Baseline ecosystem categorization
    • Analysis of agents and drivers of biodiversity loss
    • Baseline biodiversity (optional)
    • Baseline risk of biodiversity loss
    • Indicator species selection
    • Indicator species integrity score
  • SDG contributions
  • Monitoring plan
    • Monitoring report
    • Additional monitoring requirements
  • Authors
  • References
  • Appendices
    • Appendix A: Biodiversity methodologies comparison table
    • Appendix B: Sample legal proof of land control
    • Appendix C: Sample baseline ecosystem categorization
    • Appendix D: Species categorization of richness
    • Appendix E: Sample selection of indicator species
    • Appendix F: Sample indicator-species observations
    • Appendix G: Sample open-source code and calculation
    • Appendix H: Indigenous authors
    • Appendix I: Letters of support
      • Fernando Ayerbe, Ornithology
      • Ned Hording, Biodiversity
      • Olber Llanos, Zoologist
      • Mike McColm, Ethnology
      • Peter Thomas, Anthropologist
      • JesĂşs Argente, Marine biology
      • Sara Andreotti, Marine Biologist
      • Carolina Romero, Lawyer.
      • Daniel Urbano, Herpetologist
      • Ramesh Boonratana PhD, Primatologist
      • Theodore Schmitt, Conservationists
      • Anja Hutschenreiter, Ecologist and Tropical Conservationist
      • Miguel Chindoy, Indigenous leader
    • Appendix J: Sample uses of biodiversity unit
    • Appendix K: How to do FPIC
    • Appendix L: Independent Expert Panel Checklist
    • Appendix M: How to calculate a biodiversity credit by hand
    • Appendix N: How to calculate home ranges
    • Appendix O: How to calculate integrity scores
  • Document history
  • Disclaimer
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  1. Introduction

The urgency of targeted biodiversity conservation

Species extinction rates are more than 100X higher than any time in the last tens of millions of years

PreviousIntroductionNextSimplicity, complexity theory, and biodiversity

Last updated 1 year ago

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Given the current climate crisis, it is necessary to raise awareness about the benefits of wildlife conservation for humanity since human actions have modified their habitats, generated overexploitation of natural resources and polluted ecosystems causing the extinction of many species, the Amazon has been strongly affected during the last 50 years, increasing its temperature by one degree and decreasing 20% of its primary forest cover, which represents a turning point of death of the Amazon (; ), without taking into account the fact that wild species are forms of life that evolve and are a fundamental part to maintain the balance in each of the ecosystems that we have today and are sustaining the planet, added to the little recognition that Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities have for their long and effective task of in situ conservation, is how this proposal was born.

According to the World Wildlife Foundation, over the past 50 years, the planet has lost approximately 70% of the wild animal population (). Extinction of species has occurred throughout the history of the planet. Compared to the past tens of millions of years, extinction rates of species are 100-1,000 times the average. And extinction rates are still rising ().

Figure 3. Global living planet index

Fortunately, a large percentage of the world’s biodiversity is preserved and protected today by an overwhelmingly untapped resource: Indigenous Peoples and local communities. Approximately 27% of the Amazon is occupied by Indigenous territories, which also contain the lowest rates of deforestation (). Therefore, by including these people, we can protect these rainforests. A more inclusive methodology also addresses social inequalities. A booming demand for biocredits provides a market opportunity for investors as well as the people on the ground.

Josse et al. 2021
Nobre et al. 2016
Bochow and Boers 2023
WWF 2023
Ritchie et al. 2022
(WWF 2022).